![]() In Legally Blonde, the climax of the movie involves Elle Woods getting the murder victim's daughter to incriminate herself on the stand, by using a clever line of questioning that seems unrelated, thereby proving the innocence of Elle's client (the deceased's ex-wife).(As a side note, the real-life drug lord Nino Brown was modeled on tried the exact same stunt and failed) Or at least, it worked for a few minutes. This works and he gets a ludicrously small sentence in exchange for testimony - despite every piece of evidence, including eyewitness testimony from an undercover cop - saying Nino was the boss. In the climactic trial scene of New Jack City, Nino Brown stands up and dramatically accuses one of his lieutenants of being the real head of the gang, Cash Money Brothers.Mostly because Flonne is capable of looking after herself, AND the new laws in the Netherworld force him to do this or let Laharl be convicted. This happens in Devils Attorney as well, although it isn't as heavy on the Tear Jerker part.Neither Twilight nor Phoenix himself are amused. In Turnabout Storm, Phoenix Wright, as a last ditch effort to save Rainbow Dash from a sure guilty veridict, accuses Fluttershy for the murder in order to buy more time to investigate. ![]() Also, the jury was terrified of convicting an innocent person because the state had recently executed an innocent superhero who was framed in exactly the sort of super-sciencey way the defense attorney was suggesting. In the epilogue it's established that if anyone tried that today the prosecution could tear them to pieces any number of ways, but he got a pass because he was the first to do it. Because these things do really happen in Astro City, it works. He suggests that his client was being mind-controlled, that the murderer was a shapeshifter or an evil twin from another dimension, even that the victim was still alive before the coroner cut her open. One story arc in Astro City is about a lawyer who defends an obviously-guilty murderer by invoking superhero tropes.Variant: Kurt Godel in Mahou Sensei Negima claimed himself to be behind the attack on Negi's village.The Witness takes a very grim and depressing event and turns it inside out by placing you as close to the action as possible, then gently daring you to not look away. But you're never invited to pity Bill, and you won't. This is largely in credit to Bill Genovese who displays incredible honesty, tolerance, and courage as he uncovers holes, detours, and details in his sister's senseless murder and it's subsequent reporting and media blitz that are shocking and very disturbing. Filmmaker James Solomon holds back nothing while holding his subjects in nothing but the utmost respect. What you thought you knew for certain may not be true, just as what Kitty's brother Bill assumed was fact and based many of his voluntary (and involuntary) life decisions upon for the rest of his life. You know, the woman who screamed for help and was murdered over a 35 minute period while her neighbors did nothing to assist her? Or did they? And that's where The Witness really goes in for the choke. I'm old enough to remember the murder of Kitty Genovese or at least the aftermath. My jaw dropped, my eyes wet, I got very angry - everything you want from a good documentary. The Witness, by contrast, kept me riveted. Yet The Lovers and The Despot put me to sleep. In scale, the two subjects don't match at all: one woman's senseless 50-year-old slaying against a couple of South Korean filmmakers captive to the whims of Kim Jong Il. I saw this new doc at a double play with The Lovers and The Despot and the two films couldn't be more different.
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Try the boxplot exercises in this course on plotting and data visualization in R. Outliers are displayed.īagplot(wt,mpg, xlab="Car Weight", ylab="Miles Per Gallon", The fence separates points in the fence from points outside. The bagplot(x, y) function in the aplpack package provides a bivariate version of the univariate boxplot. Title("Violin Plots of Miles Per Gallon")Ĭlick to view Bagplot - A 2D Boxplot Extension ![]() They can be created using the vioplot( ) function from vioplot package. Violin PlotsĪ violin plot is a combination of a boxplot and a kernel density plot. The bplot( ) function in the Rlab package offers many more options controlling the positioning and labeling of boxes in the output. The boxplot.n( ) function in the gplots package annotates each boxplot with its sample size. The boxplot.matrix( ) function in the sfsmisc package draws a boxplot for each column (row) in a matrix. Glynn has created an easy to use list of colors is PDF format. Usage boxplot (x, ) S3 method for formula boxplot (formula, data NULL,, subset, na.action NULL, xlab mklab (yvar horizontal), ylab mklab (yvar horizontal), add FALSE, ann add, horizontal FALSE, drop FALSE, sep '.', lex. In the example above, if I had listed 6 colors, each box would have its own color. Description Produce box-and-whisker plot (s) of the given (grouped) values. In the notched boxplot, if two boxes' notches do not overlap this is ‘strong evidence’ their medians differ (Chambers et al., 1983, p. Main="Tooth Growth", xlab="Suppliment and Dose") # boxes colored for ease of interpretationīoxplot(len~supp*dose, data=ToothGrowth, notch=TRUE, # Notched Boxplot of Tooth Growth Against 2 Crossed Factors Xlab="Number of Cylinders", ylab="Miles Per Gallon") Add horizontal=TRUE to reverse the axis orientation.īoxplot(mpg~cyl,data=mtcars, main="Car Milage Data", Add varwidth=TRUE to make boxplot widths proportional to the square root of the samples sizes. An example of a formula is y~group where a separate boxplot for numeric variable y is generated for each value of group. The format is boxplot( x, data=), where x is a formula and data= denotes the data frame providing the data. boxplot(df, boxfill = NA, border = NA) #invisible boxes - only axes and plot areaīoxplot(df, xaxt = "n", add = TRUE, boxfill="red",īoxwex=0.25, at = 1:ncol(df) - 0.15) #shift these left by -0.15īoxplot(df, xaxt = "n", add = TRUE, boxfill="blue",īoxwex=0.25, at = 1:ncol(df) + 0.15) #shift to the right by +0.Boxplots can be created for individual variables or for variables by group. ![]() With different data frames, it may be necessary to change this to subset for whichever columns contain the data you want to plot. Note that in the following, we use df to exclude the 1st (id) column from the values to plot. Then add the 2 traces in the following two statements. The 1st boxplot statement creates a blank plot. ![]() Using base graphics, we can use at = to control box position, combined with boxwex = for the width of the boxes. P <- p + geom_point(aes(y=value, group=Label), position = position_dodge(width=0.75)) # if you want color for points replace group with colour=Label P <- ggplot(data = df.m, aes(x=variable, y=value)) P <- p + guides(fill=guide_legend(title="Legend_Title"))Įdit 3: How to align geom_point() points to the center of box-plot? It could be done using position_dodge. P <- p + facet_wrap( ~ variable, scales="free") P + facet_wrap( ~ variable, scales="free")Įdit 2: How to add x-labels, y-labels, title, change legend heading, add a jitter? p <- ggplot(data = df.m, aes(x=variable, y=value)) Here's an implementation of that as well: p <- ggplot(data = df.m, aes(x=variable, y=value)) + Ggplot(data = df.m, aes(x=variable, y=value)) + geom_boxplot(aes(fill=Label))Įdit: I realise that you might need to facet. require(reshape2)ĭf df.m # pasting some rows of the melted ame Otherwise, what you have done seems to be okay. You should get your data in a specific format by melting your data (see below for how melted data looks like) before you plot. You can follow above instructions to install Disassembly 3D: Demolition for PC with any of the Android emulators available.
![]() Don't have your old device? Select Restore from backup if you've previously made a backup.Select Transfer from Android device if you have your old phone available.Choose which way you want to move messages.On your new device, install and open Signal.can open Signal and view your message history.is physically close to your old phone that has your existing Signal message history.can receive a SMS or call to complete registration.Updated to the latest version of Signal Android v5.5 or later.If you selected the Transfer or restore account option, go back or swipe close then open Signal again and select Continue.On your new device, install and open Signal, select Continue and complete registration.Signal does not have a copy of your messages. You can not do this if you do not have access to your message history. What if I do not have my old Android phone, restored my Android phone to factory settings, or lost my phone? Click here if you have a new Android phone.Click here if you do not have a new Android phone and reinstalled Signal on the same phone.Use a backup to move your local Signal data to a new Android phone. ![]() accidentally deleted a message or chat.uninstalled Signal on your iPhone or iPad.do not have your old device or lost your phone.Message restoration or account transfers are not currently supported, if you:.If you have your old device, select the platform to transfer messages:.Signal messages, pictures, files, and other contents are stored locally on your device. ![]() How to uninstall Adobe Captivate in Windows PC? It works/compatible with almost all Windows versions, including Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64.Adobe Captivate latest version for the best experience.Adobe Captivate for PC – fast, reliable, and robust by Adobe Systems Inc.This application’s primary functions are comprehensive and go beyond the features offered by others that can be considered as its rivals. Adobe Captivate application is free to download and offers easy-to-install, easy-to-use, secure, and reliable Video applications. Adobe Captivate is lightweight and easy to use, simple for beginners and powerful for professionals. This app has its advantages compared to other Video applications. So here we go: Top Features of Adobe Captivate for Windows PCĪdobe Captivate is one of the most popular Video alongside M圜am, Broadcaster, and Aiseesoft. So you can understand the application and its features. Then let’s go on to the next section where we will discuss Adobe Captivate itself. So those are all the processes that you have to follow to download Adobe Captivate for Windows PC. Finally, follow the installation instructions until you get a confirmation notification of a successful installation process.Now, a smart screen might appear and ask for a confirmation.Double-click on the downloaded Adobe Captivate installer file.Save the downloaded file to your computer.Download the Adobe Captivate installer file from the link above.Now let’s just move to the next section to share the steps you have to follow to download Adobe Captivate for Windows PC. How to download and install Adobe Captivate for Windows 10 PC/laptop ✓ Compatibilities improvement for new Windows update. What is New in the Adobe Captivate Latest Version? ✔ Tested and is 100% Safe to download and install on your Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64 device (PC/laptop/tablet). ✔ Free & Safe Download for Windows PC/laptop – 2 MB It works with both 32-bit & 64-bit versions of Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64. Download Adobe Captivate for your PC or laptopĭownload & install the latest offline installer version of Adobe Captivate for Windows PC / laptop.Compatible with Windows 10 64-bit and 32-bit.Adobe Captivate direct, free and safe download. ![]() Safe Download and Install from the official link!Īdobe Captivate 64-bit and 32-bit download features: (Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64)ĭownload Adobe Captivate for Windows 10 (64/32-bit) PC/laptopĭownload Adobe Captivate (latest version) free for Windows 10 (64-bit and 32-bit) PC/laptop/tablet. Therefore, you can find out if Adobe Captivate will work on your Windows device or not. It’s better to know the app’s technical details and to have a knowledge background about the app. You can get Adobe Captivate free and download its latest version for Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64 PC from below. However, don’t forget to update the programs periodically. Adobe Captivate works with most Windows Operating System, including Windows 7 64 / Windows 8 64 / Windows 10 64.Īlthough there are many popular Video software, most people download and install the Trial version. This app has unique and interesting features, unlike some other Video apps. ![]() It is designed to be uncomplicated for beginners and powerful for professionals. Adobe Captivate is an efficient software that is recommended by many Windows PC users.Īdobe Captivate is a very fast, small, compact and innovative Trial Video for Windows PC. It has a simple and basic user interface, and most importantly, it is free to download. Adobe Captivate FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)Īdobe Captivate is a Video application like HandBrake, FBX Recorder, and OBS Studio from Adobe Systems Inc.Best Adobe Captivate Alternative Apps for Windows.Steps to uninstall Adobe Captivate in Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000.Steps to uninstall Adobe Captivate in Windows XP.Steps to uninstall Adobe Captivate in Windows 10 / Windows 8 / Windows 7 / Windows Vista.How to uninstall Adobe Captivate in Windows PC?.Top Features of Adobe Captivate for Windows PC.How to download and install Adobe Captivate for Windows 10 PC/laptop.What is New in the Adobe Captivate Latest Version?.Download Adobe Captivate for Windows 10 (64/32-bit) PC/laptop.Adobe Captivate Latest Version Overview. After all, you don’t want to burn your fingers on one of the hottest things you’ll ever taste. To keep the oil from burning you, don’t forget to shake the pan occasionally and to turn your thigh bones at least once. Once you’ve got the oil at the appropriate temperature, the real fun begins. It is also a good idea to measure the temperature of the oil before you commence. The best way to make this fried treat is to start with a deep sided pot of oil that is at least two inches deep. You want to have crispy golden chicken on your forks and a cooling rack in front of you by the time you get the last straggler out of the oil. Whatever you choose, it is important to follow the golden rule of thumb: cook a few pieces at a time and avoid overcrowding the pan. Others splurge on a hefty dose of canola oil to the tune of around 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Some use a frying mix or a combination of all-purpose flour and cornstarch. There are a number of different ways to go about making a fried chicken. If you do not have an air fryer, you can just fry the chicken in the oven. Try to keep the temperature around 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Just be sure to brush it with more oil to prevent it from getting too dry. However, the sauce may not be as thick.Īnother option is to fry the chicken in an air fryer. If you do not like spicy food, you can use a soy-based sauce instead of Gochujang. A sprinkle of chopped green onions goes well with this dish. You can add some toasted sesame seeds to the sauce if you prefer. Then, pour the sauce over the fried chicken. Afterward, you can place it on a cooling rack to finish the process. Once the fried chicken is golden brown, you should remove it from the oil. Doing so will prevent charring on the batter. If you want, you can add garlic powder and curry powder.Īfter you’ve coated the chicken, you can start frying them. Then, coat the thigh with seasoned flour mixture. Next, mix the thigh pieces with white pepper. To prepare the Korean fried chicken, cut the thighs into 1-inch cubes. ![]() You can store the leftovers in an airtight container for up to 3 days. This recipe makes a great appetizer, but you can also add a little more sauce to make it a meal. It is made from fermented soybeans and chili peppers. ![]() Gochujang is a spicy and sweet sauce used in Korean fried chicken. Not only does this tasty recipe taste good, it’s good for you too! The spices are packed with antioxidants and other nutrients, and can help improve your digestion. These delicious treats are made with a mixture of flour, paprika, garlic, and gochujang (a red pepper paste). That is all it takes to make this delicious and flavorful Korean-style fried chicken at home.Zippy’s Korean fried chicken recipe is a great way to satisfy your craving for a spicy chicken sandwich. Serve the chicken with a side of steamed vegetables and your favorite dipping sauce. The internal temperature of the chicken should be 165 degrees F.Ħ. Turn the chicken over and bake for an additional 10 to 20 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through. Place the chicken on a greased baking sheet and bake for 25 minutes.ĥ. ![]() Seal the bag, making sure there are no air bubbles, and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes.Ĥ. Place the chicken in a large resealable plastic bag and pour the marinade over the chicken. In a small bowl, combine the garlic, gochujang, soy sauce, sugar, vegetable oil and sesame oil to make a marinade.Ģ. – 4 boneless and skinless chicken breastsġ. Baking the chicken instead of frying it makes it much less oily and greasy which can help reduce the amount of calories and fat you are consuming. The best part about making this at home is that it is a healthier alternative to conventional fried chicken. ![]() The combination of flavors creates the perfect balance between salty, sweet, and spicy which will have your taste buds begging you for more! This classic Korean-style fried chicken recipe is made with a simple marinade that combines garlic, sugar, soy sauce, and gochujang. This recipe is easy to make at home and has all kinds of delicious flavors that will leave you craving more. Do you love the taste of Korean-style fried chicken? Do you dream of the sweet, tangy, and savory combination of flavors that comes along with this delicious dish? Let us introduce you to Zippy’s Korean Chicken. ![]() This update will introduce a new fox Kemono named Murakumo, new weapons and armor sets, a Spinning Top Karakuri, the Limit Break system, and additional improvements and bug fixes. Agility still (not very much anymore though) allows you to recover from rolls quicker meaning you can react faster and faster animation. Two updates are planned for the month, with the first arriving on April 6th. The idea was that light armor would allow you to dodge further and more often while heavy armor just the shoulder tuck that is dodging today. Moreover, Wild Hearts players can look forward to even more content coming in April. ![]() We’ll share a lot more about those as we near their arrival in the game. The second-gen Sonos Beam and other Sonos speakers are on sale at Best Buy. The first April content update will be on the 6th and includes a new petal-manipulating fox Kemono Murakumo, new weapons and armor set from Murakumo materials, a new Spinning Top Karakuri, the Limit Break system and additional enhancements and fixes. conan exiles isle of siptah best heavy armor. ![]() Somehow April has even more content! Just like March, we’ll be deploying an update at the beginning of April and another towards the end of the month. Let us be the first to Toast to your victory, cheers! Murakumo, New Karakuri, Limit Break System & More in April Three new quests await! Can you best Amaterasu in Akikure Canyon without dying a single time? Will you be able to fell Kingtusk and Icetusk in Fuyufusagi Fort with only two lives? Mighty Dreadclaw, Pearlbeak and Lavaback will give you the most chances to overcome their challenge but will you be able to hunt all three?įor victory in each, you’ll gain a new Chat Stamp and a new Emote. New Quests – Fulgent Fate: Bloodshed, Days of Hunting: Gleaming Gold, Twin Boar Gorge The Fulgent armor set also shines brightly on the battlefield, letting other hunters know you’ve triumphed over Azuma’s latest threat. ![]() One is capable of mighty blows that rend heaven and earth asunder, while the other combines Kemono brawn with human brains to make a formidable weapon. And don’t let the beast escape unscathed whenever it leaves itself vulnerable! New Weapons, Armor Set – Grimstalker Weapons, Fulgent Armorįorge two new weapons from Grimstalker materials. You’ll want to make use of Elemental Lanterns in order to combat both types of attacks. Legendary Armor Medium Cursed A helmet crafted from the skull of Hyena Black Hand. Once enraged, however, it switches to fire, unleashing devastating attacks of molten rock. Conan Exiles Armor Item Database Black Feather Helm 92117 Armor. Normally, it wields water and waves to hamper its adversaries’ movement. The most striking feature of Grimstalker is the way in which its rage levels affect the elements of nature at its command. Down this prey, and in doing so attain even greater heights as a hunter. This mighty beast has the ability to manipulate both searing flames and surging seas. Read more about the new content: New Kemono – GrimstalkerĪ Kemono steeped in mystery, Grimstalker has been spotted on the Natsukodachi Isle. This is the most basic of the Epic armours, and can be gained from the Tier 1 raid bosses or in exchange for Simple Relics I: Kylikki (and her Honourguard) Vistrix Yahkmar Epic Sets: Guardian: The Valiant. Each class has it's own set, and within the Epic armours, there are levels of quality. These new hunts will test your mettle! Celebrate with some well-earned Chat Stamps and Emotes. Epic (or Tiered) Armor, is the best possible armor available to be collected. The second content update also includes three new higher difficulty quests. We’re not letting up with new content for WILD HEARTS! In our second post-launch content update* we’ve added a new subspecies, Grimstalker, including new forgeable weapons and an armor set made from Grimstalker materials for those able to successfully hunt this new Kemono. Out of the Chain Trap and into the Harpoon. Wild Hearts March 23 Update Notes Grimstalker, Fulgent Armor Set, New Weapons & New Quests Murakumo, New Karakuri, Limit Break System & More in April.New Quests – Fulgent Fate: Bloodshed, Days of Hunting: Gleaming Gold, Twin Boar Gorge.New Weapons, Armor Set – Grimstalker Weapons, Fulgent Armor.Grimstalker, Fulgent Armor Set, New Weapons & New Quests.Weapons with armor penetration reduce the effective armor the target is wearing using.ĭamage Reduction * (1 - Armor Penetration)įor example, if an enemy has 750 armor with 60% damage reduction, and you strike them with a weapon that has 40% armor penetration, the calculation would be:Ħ0 * (1 - 0. diminishing returns.Īs of the Age of Sorcery 3.0 update, the formula used is:Īt this rate, the following milestones would require the listed armor rating: Armor and your Health, a guide to damage reduction.Īrmor in Conan Exiles follows a non-linear curve with a negative second derivative, meaning the more armor one puts on the less return in damage reduction one will get a.k.a.Delving Redeemed Legion Helmet or Rusted Helmet or Champion's Helmet or Godbreaker Helmet at Delving Bench. After making her choice, A2 leaves the factory and makes her way to the Tower.Ī2 enters the God Box and finds 9S who is about to be attacked by a corrupted Operator 21O. Pascal, feeling guilt for having taught them the concept of fear, mentally breaks down and asks that A2 fulfill his final request: erase his memories, and therefore who he is, or kill him. When the two return to the factory, they find all the children committed suicide out of fear of dying. A2 and an enraged Pascal take up arms against the machines and eventually overcome the enemy force when Pascal takes control of an Engels and kills them all. This proves to be a mistake, however, as a force of machines descends upon the factory. After dispatching the zombie machines, she and Pascal take the child machines to the Abandoned Factory to hide from the machines. She tells Pod 042 that they need to locate Pascal immediately. A2 returns to the village, only to find it in flames and the villagers feeding on each other. After obtaining a book on philosophy from Anemone, Pascal's village turns on itself with some of the machines becoming cannibalistic. Hesitantly, A2 receives help from Pascal, and in turn, helps him and his villagers with requests. After dispatching them, A2 spares the machine, despite her grudge, and continues to the camp.Īfter reuniting with Anemone, A2 finds out she needs Pascal's help in order to get a filter. ![]() After heading to the Resistance Camp, A2 meets Pascal, who is under attack by several hostile machines. After falling unconscious and reawaking, Pod informs A2 that her filter is full of sand and must be replaced. A mirage of 2B appears to her and tells her that she and A2 are the same, with A2 angrily rejecting the notion by throwing her sword at where 2B appeared. She defeats the machine and hacks into its mainframe, ultimately annihilating its core. He then directs her to the Desert.Ī2 arrives at the desert and encounters a Goliath-class Machine named Hegel. After requesting her motives several times, A2 finally relents and tells the Pod that her goal is to destroy machines. A2 scoffs at the notion of needing help and tells the Pod to shut up. ![]() A2 wonders about the Pod following her and is told that 2B's final order insisted that Pod 042 should assist A2. A2 is caught within the pillars' movements and is knocked unconscious.Ī2 wakes up on a piece of debris with Pod 042 greeting her a good morning. As he runs towards her, he falls off a bridge while gigantic pillars rise from the ground, forming the Tower. A2 cuts her hair with 2B's sword in a style reminiscent of the deceased android. 9S has a mental breakdown and angrily proclaims that he will kill the rogue android. A2 stabs 2B with her sword while 9S watches her take the sword out of 2B's bloodied corpse. Realizing there's no hope for survival, 2B relegates her sword and memories to A2. 2B and 9S attempt to give chase but realize she's already gone.Īfter the defeat of Adam and Eve, when a corrupted 2B is being accosted by androids of YoRHa, A2 appears and disposes of her assailants. A2 mentions that Command was the one who betrayed them and escapes. Following A2's defeat, 9S asks her why she betrayed them. ![]() 9S questions the directive while 2B initiates a battle against the mysterious A2. Pod 153 warns the pair that A2 is a wanted android and is recommended for annihilation. A2 is first encountered by 2B and 9S killing Immanuel. You can fake a smile with lips but never with eyes.Sometimes life just wants you to stop, see, and appreciate.I feel peaceful when I look into your eyes.I want to shine in your eyes the way that stars do.Eyes talk a great deal when words fail.A man falls in love with his eyes, women, through their ears.Pretty brown eyes and a mind full of thoughts.You can close your eyes to truth but not to memories.Beautiful eyes see the good in everybody.Beauty is seen by the eyes but felt through the heart.Her blue eyes sought the west afar, For lovers love the western star.Tears are the best lotion for the eyes.Here are some of the best eye captions the internet has to offer. If you’re having difficulty coming up with powerful eye captions that leave lasting impressions, you can take inspiration from these quotes. Image captions allow us to add depth and meaning to our pictures. If you don’t share your perspective on a matter, like-minded people will have difficulty finding you. Posts with image captions are more likely to generate traffic because they are likelier to attract people who share your views. Image captions grant us another medium to express our thoughts and emotions pertinent to our social media posts. While it’s true that visual content dominates the internet and that images can speak volumes, there’s always a place for words. You need only gaze in a mirror to see the reason that inspires the obsession. They show the thoughts behind the eyes, giving us a peak of a person’s soul.īut don’t rely on our words to explain our fascination with eyes. A confident person’s eyes tend to gleam with focus and determination. Lovers can convey their feelings through eye contact, and you spot lies through a person’s eyes. They know how to cry, and they know how to show sadness through their eyes. ![]() They allow us to communicate with each other long before we understand the concept of language.īabies understand the love they see in the eyes of their parents long before they learn to speak their first words. The eyes are more than just sensory organs that help us perceive the world around us. They also share a story about who we are and how we perceive the world. Our eyes are an endlessly captivating source of beauty. Our fascination with eyes dates back thousands of years. ![]() The issue lost its urgency as the country became mired in crises. Macron’s recent incursion into Tunisia’s polarised political landscape through perceived support to President Kais Saied, despite his controversial handling of the political crisis since July 2021, could push the French factor to the fore.ĭuring the last decade, political activists have multiplied calls for English to replace French as Tunisia’s second language. Other measures consecrating the new status of English as a de facto second language could see the light of day.įrench culture has been no stranger to Tunisia’s identity politics. The decision of the Algerian Central Bank is unlikely to be an exception. Macron’s awkward statements about French-Algerian relations revived old wounds and set in motion a downward spiral in relations. Seeing how susceptible the French are to issues related to their cultural prestige, leaders in the region tend to push the language button when they run out of options in disputes with France.Ĭonflicts over business and political interests or interpretations of the colonial past can translate into decisions demoting the status of French or enhancing that of English. Quite a small fraction of public school graduates speaks or writes French adequately.īut French language atrophy has often been collateral damage from political tensions between Paris and Maghreb capitals. Linguistic usage in Tunisia, for instance, has increasingly made French an elite language while a process of “creolisation” installed a hybrid form of Arabic peppered with French as the common spoken tongue. The call to reclaim the past is at odds with today’s complex realities marked by the diversified economic, political and military ties of the Maghreb to the rest of the world.įurthermore, the French cannot object to the Maghrebis using English as the international language of choice when they are doing the same.įrance is also realising that across North Africa, French language proficiency has fallen through the cracks of inefficient and cash-strapped educational systems. His nostalgic overtones betrayed a desire to compete with French far-right narratives. Seeking to pre-empt blame at home, Macron pleaded for “a reconquest” by France of its lost linguistic influence. “Let’s be honest,” he said, “French is less spoken in the Maghreb today than it used to be 20 or 30 years ago.” President Emanuel Macron said the French language, despite being spoken by 321 million people, is losing ground in North Africa. This was in contrast to reassuring narratives previously put out by the International Organisation for the Francophonie (OIF). The summit of French-speaking countries, held in Djerba in November, ended up admitting that the French language is not faring well. It ranked behind English, Spanish, Chinese and Arabic. Figures show French represented a mere 3.5 percent of web content. In all of Africa, the phenomenon is being compounded by the sparse presence of French online. Still, the language of Shakespeare is a draw for young audiences. No particular educational reform was introduced to enhance the place of English. The same phenomenon is taking place in Tunisia. In a recent British Council study, 74 percent of young Moroccans said that “switching to English will benefit Morocco’s ambitions as an international business and tourism hub.” Younger generations have acquired English on their own, from the internet and online entertainment platforms. Maghreb officials are only going with the flow. The drive to upgrade English language skills is driven not by a desire to settle scores but by a quest somewhat reminiscent of the early independence leaders’ view of French as a tool for modernisation. The globalised market dictates an English language proficiency that is still lacking. English proficiency will be required of university graduates.ĭespite France’s misgivings, the demand for English language skills in the Maghreb is real. Science classes will be taught in English at primary and middle schools. But English is the international language,” said President Abdelmadjid Tebboune.Įven Morocco, whose 2019 educational reform consolidated the place of French in the country’s education, decided in the summer to increase the number of English language teachers. They saw it as another sign that Algeria was drifting away from France’s zone of influence.Īlgeria had already announced in June the introduction of English courses in primary schools. At a time when French-Algerian relations were supposed to be on the mend, Algeria’s Central Bank issued, on November 1, new banknotes which bore for the first time inscriptions in English, alongside Arabic. |